natusik2991 » 09.03.2015, 10:36
I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление
времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите
сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. Our firm guarantees prompt and safe delivery of any freight “from door to door”. 2.
You will find all the necessary information about the train movement in the railway-guide. 3.
The total length of all railway lines in Russia is equal to three times the length of the Equator. 4.
All railwaymen have the right of free travel by train once a year. 5. When we entered the car,
we opened the window because it was very stuffy in the compartment.
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на
употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге.
Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. The trains were detained en route by the snowstorm for a couple of hours. 2. In Europe
double-deck passenger coaches are used in four-or five-car sets on suburban lines where traffic
is very heavy. 3. Tomorrow the movement of trains at that section of the line will be restricted
because of track repair work. 4. The inside body of the carriage is upholstered with materials
that are easily washed. 5. When the first self-propelled vehicles appeared, measures were taken
to limit their speed in many countries.
III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.
1. Russia (to rank – Present Indefinite Active) second in the world, after the USA, in the
length of the railway network. 2. Tomas Bouch (to design – Past Indefinite Active) the Tay
Bridge in 1878 and everybody (to speak – Past Indefinite Active) about it as one of the wonders
of the world. 3. You (to meet – Future Indefinite Passive) by an agent from the travel bureau at
the airport. 4. Liquid goods (to transport – Present Indefinite Passive) in tank cars. 5. The first
Stephenson’s steam locomotive (to call – Past Indefinite Passive) “The Rocket”.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на
употребление оборота there + to be.
1. There was something wrong with the engine of my car and I asked the mechanic to
examine it. 2. In Metro there are special pumps and fans that suck in the air from the street,
purify it and make it warm or cool on its way to the station. 3. There are no traffic lights at this crossroad that is why it is a very dangerous place. 4. Were there any telephone calls while I was
out? 5. There is usually a considerable increase in passenger traffic in summer.
V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на
употребление окончания -s.
1. The construction of early bridges without basic knowledge of mathematics resulted in
great tragedies because of the bridges’ collapses. 2. Newton’s law of motion was written in
Latin, because only this language was used in science at that time. 3. The trains on five routes
of Denver’s commuter network carry 1 million passengers a day but demand is at least three
times that number. 4. On a large diagram in a dispatcher’s room small lights display the
location of each train. 5. Our secretary’s office is equipped with the latest equipment.
VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание употребление
прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните
прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.
1. Broken stone is the most suitable material for ballast. 2. One of the longest continuous
underground railway tunnels in the world is the 17.5-mile tunnel on the Northern line of the
London Underground. 3. The first rails were made of cast iron but when traffic became heavier,
it was found that cast iron was too brittle and wore too quickly. 4. In the Grand Prix motor
racing just a few seconds sometimes separate the fastest car from the slowest car in a race. 5.
Traveling in an open-type coach is cheaper than in a sleeping car because sleeping cars are
more convenient.
VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные,
данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. The double-track railways are (convenient) than the single-track railways if the traffic
on these lines is very heavy. 2. Both roads lead to the city center, but the left-hand one is a bit
(short) and (direct) than the right-hand road. 3. At the conference the engineers discussed
(recent) developments in the field of electronics. 4. Railways cause (little) air contamination
than other modes of transport. 5. The bridge crosses the river at its (narrow) point.
VIII. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные
вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.
1. The last train arrives at midnight. 2. Rails are made of steel. 3. The Japanese company
developed the first pocketsize color TV set. 4. The distance from here to the railway station is 5
kilometers. 5. There were several vacant seats in the bus when I got into it. 6. On this dangerous
section of track trains usually decrease their speed. 7. Open-top coaches are used for the
transportation of loose bulk materials.
IX. Перепишите и переведите текст.
THE TRANS-SIBERIAN MAINLINE
.
“The Great Siberian Track” is a well-known name in the history of the Russian State. It
was given to the unique railway that connected the European part of the country with the
Pacific Coast.
The history of railway construction in Russia started at the end of the 19th century.
Railway mainlines were laid down from the Western borders of the country to St. Petersburg and Moscow, from the center to the Volga region and from Ural to Central Asia. In 1892, the
railway network in Russia had a total length of 32,000 km. That very year Samara-Zlatoust
railway was built which later became a liaison between railways in the European part of Russia
and the Trans-Siberian Mainline.
On March 15 1891, Alexander III issued an imperial prescript addressed to future
Emperor Nicholas II that stated: “I command to start constructing a railway across all Siberia to
connect the Siberian region with the European part of Russia. I also entrust you with groundbreaking*
of the Great Siberian Track in Vladivostok.”
Two projects of the future mainline were proposed – “the southern version” and “the
northern version”. “The northern version” suggested by the Minister of Railways K.N. Posyet
won. According to his project the railway was shorter by 400 km and was passing by the
Siberian high road** and populated areas.
The building of the Great Siberian Track began in 1893. Construction rates were very
fast despite the fact that the railroad went through swamps, thick taiga, crossed major rivers and
huge mountains. In less than 15 years, more than 8,600 km of track were laid down. At first
10,000 workers were involved in the construction. Later their number went up to 100,000. Job
and living conditions were extremely tough. The main tools were spades, picks, axes,
wheelbarrows and horse-drawn carts.
The building of the gigantic mainline was a heroic deed accomplished by Russian
construction workers due to their tenacious efforts and courage. Some of Trans-Siberian
stations bear their names – Rukhlovo, Vyazemskaya, Baranovsky, Snarsky, Adrinovka, etc. The
Minister of Railways Vitte wrote: “The Great Siberian Railway breathed life into boundless
Siberian lands.”
Notes: *ground-breaking – начало строительства (дороги)
**high road – тракт
Х. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию
текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные
утверждения.
1. The Trans-Siberian Mainline connects the Asian part of Russia with the Pacific Coast.
2. Alexander III commanded to start constructing the Great Siberian Track. 3. The first rail of
the future Trans-Siberian Railway was laid down in Vladivostok. 4. The project of the Trans
Siberian Mainline was proposed by the Minister of Railways Vitte. 5. The length of this railway
is more than 5,000 km. 6. Foreign workers and engineers took part in the construction. 7. The
track went through swamps and taiga. 8. The latest machines and mechanisms were used for the
railway construction. 9. The construction lasted 15 years. 10. The Great Siberian Railway
breathed life into boundless Siberian lands.
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